matla a motlakase
◆Ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea libeteri tsa polokelo ea matla
Ha potoloho ea kantle e bulehile, ho bolelang hore ha ho na motlakase o phallang ka har'a betri, phapang e ka bang teng lipakeng tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe e hlalosoa e le matla a motlakase a betri (EMF), hangata a tšoauoa ka letšoao E. Boleng ba EMF ke e 'ngoe ea matšoao a bontšang boholo ba matla a motlakase aotsamaiso ea betrie ka ntšang. Ho latela melao-motheo ea thermodynamic, re na le ...
Ka foromo, AG e emetse phetoho ea matla a mahala a Gibbs; n e emela nomoro ea phetisetso ea elektronike; E emela matla a electromotive cell; mme F e emetse Faraday kamehla.
Equation (1.2) e bonts'a hore boholo ba matla a motlakase oa betri haholo-holo bo itšetlehile ka thepa ea tlhaho ea lintho tse amehang karabelong ea lik'hemik'hale, maemo a karabelo (joalo ka mocheso) nakong ea ts'ebetso ea betri, le ts'ebetso ea li-reactants le lihlahisoa, 'me ha e amehe ke geometry ea betri kapa boholo.
Bula motlakase oa potoloho
Maqhubu a bulehileng-a motlakase oa betri a bolela phapang e ka bang teng lipakeng tsa li-terminals tse positi le tse mpe ha sepalangoa sa kantle se hakoa betiring. Ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko hore kaha li-terminals tse ntle le tse mpe e kanna ea ba ha li so fihlelle tekano ea thermodynamic ho motsoako oa electrolyte, motlakase o bulehileng-o atisa ho ba tlase hanyane ho feta matla a teng a electromotive (EMF). EMF ke boleng ba khopolo-taba bo baloang ho ipapisitsoe le liforomo tsa thermodynamic, athe motlakase o bulehileng-e le boleng ba sebele bo fumanoeng ka liteko tse tobileng; tse peli li haufi haholo ka boleng. Ho tseba hantle hore na motlakase o bulehile-, ha ho motlakase o lokelang ho phalla ka har'a sesebelisoa sa ho metha nakong ea ho metha; hangata ho sebelisoa-resistance voltmeter e phahameng bakeng sa teko ena.
Ho feta moo, mohopolo oa "nominal voltage" o boetse o sebelisoa lipatlisisong tsa tlhahiso. Nominal voltage ke khakanyo e nepahetseng ea voltage ea betri, e tsejoang hape e le rated voltage, 'me e sebelisetsoa ho khetholla mofuta oa betri. Mohlala, motlakase o bulehileng- oa betri ea lead{3}e haufi le 2.1V, 'me motlakase oa eona o setetsoe ho 2.0V; matla a motlakase a zinki-betri ea manganese ke 1.5V; 'me matla a motlakase a cadmium{8}}betri ea nickel le betri ea nickel{9}}metal hydride ke 1.2V.
Ho hanyetsa ka hare
Ho hanyetsa ka hare ho betri, ho atisang ho bitsoa ho hanyetsa ka hare (Rka hare), e bolela khanyetso e bang teng ha motlakase o phalla ka har'a betri. Khanyetso ena ea ka hare haholo-holo e na le likarolo tse peli: e 'ngoe ke ho hanyetsa ka hare ho ohmic ho bakoang ke thepa ea thepa ka boeona; e 'ngoe ke ho hanyetsa ho eketsehileng ha polarization ka hare ho hlahisoang ke ketsahalo ea polarization holim'a sebaka sa electrode nakong ea karabelo ea electrochemical.
Khanyetso ea ohmic (R0) e angoa ke litšobotsi tsa electrolyte, thepa ea lera, le lisebelisoa tsa electrode. Khanyetso ea ohmic ea tharollo ea electrolyte e amana haufi-ufi le sebopeho sa eona se ikhethileng, boemo ba mahloriso, le mocheso oa tikoloho. Ka kakaretso, khatello ea electrolyte bakeng sa libeteri e khethoa ka har'a mefuta e mengata ea conductivity e phahameng ka ho fetisisa. Ho hanyetsa ho bakoang ke lera la micropores ho falla ha li-ion tsa electrolyte ho bitsoa ho hanyetsa lera, ke hore, ho hanyetsa ho kopanang le li-ion ha li feta har'a li-micropores tsa lera. Khanyetso ea ohmic ea lera e amana le lintlha tse kang mofuta oa electrolyte, thepa ea lera, porosity, le tekanyo ea pore tortuosity. Ho tiea-mokhahlelo oa ho hanyetsa li-electrode ho kenyelletsa ho hanyetsa ha likaroloana tse sebetsang ka botsona, ho hanyetsa ho kopana pakeng tsa likaroloana, khanyetso ea ho kopana pakeng tsa thepa e sebetsang le moralo oa conductive, le kakaretso ea likhanyetso tsa moralo oa conductive, li-conductive busbar, le li-terminals. Nakong ea ho tsoa, sebopeho le morphology ea thepa e sebetsang e ka fetoha, e leng se bakang liphetoho tse kholo tsa ho hanyetsa. Ho fokotsa{10}}mohato o tiileng, likarolo tsa conductive, joalo ka acetylene black{11}}graphite, hangata li eketsoa ho thepa e sebetsang ho eketsa tšebetso ea eona. Ho hanyetsa ka hare ho ohmic ea betri e boetse e amana le lintlha tse kang boholo ba eona, kopano le sebopeho. Ha kopano e kopane haholoanyane le sebaka se senyenyane sa li-electrode, ho theola khanyetso ea ka hare ea ohmic.
Polarization resistance (R) e bolela khanyetso ea ka hare e hlahisoang mohloling oa matla a lik'hemik'hale ka lebaka la polarization nakong ea karabelo ea electrochemical ho li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe. Ho hanyetsa polarization ho kenyelletsa kakaretso ea khanyetso e bakoang ke polarization ea electrochemical le polarization ea mahloriso. Boholo ba eona bo susumetsoa ke thepa ea lisebelisoa tse sebetsang, sebopeho sa li-electrode, le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea betri, 'me e amana haholo le boemo ba ts'ebetso ea betri. Ka hona, khanyetso ea polarization e fetoha ho latela mefuta e fapaneng ea mokhoa oa ho tsoa le nako ea ho tsoa.
Matla a sebetsang
Matla a ho sebetsa a betri, a tsejoang hape e le matla a motlakase kapa a discharge voltage, a bolela phapang e ka bang teng lipakeng tsa li-terminals tse ntle le tse mpe tsa betri ha motlakase o phalla ka har'a potoloho e kantle. Ha motlakase o phalla ka har'a betri, molemong oa ho hlola khanyetso e bakoang ke polarization resistance le ohmic resistance, boleng ba 'nete bo lekantsoeng ba motlakase bo lula bo le tlase ho feta{1}}molumo oa motlakase o bulehileng tlas'a{2}}maemo a ho laela.
Joalo ka ha ho ka bonoa ho tsoa ho equation (1.3), matla a ka hare a betri a matla ho feta, a theola matla a ho sebetsa a betri, 'me a fokotsa tlhahiso ea matla a nnete. Ho totobetse hore khanyetso ea ka hare ea betri e lokela ho ba e nyenyane ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.