A lithium{0}}betri ea ionke betri e ka nchafatsoang e sebelisang lisebelisoa tse peli tse khonang ho kenya le ho fokotsa li-ion tsa lithium joalo ka li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe, ka ho latellana. Nakong ea ho tjhaja, liathomo tsa lithium ka har'a eleketrode e ntle li kenella ka har'a li-ion tsa lithium le lielektrone tsa mahala.
Li-ion tsena tsa lithium joale li fallela ho electrode e mpe ebe li kopana le li-electrone tse sa lefelloeng moo ho etsa liathomo tsa lithium. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, nakong ea ho tsoa, liathomo tsa lithium ho electrode e mpe li fetoha hape ka li-ion tsa lithium le li-electrone tse sa lefelloeng, ebe li kopana hape ho electrode e ntle ho etsa liathomo tsa lithium hape. Ka hona, nakong eohle ea ho tjhaja-nako ya ho hlatswa, lithium e dula e le teng ka sebopeho sa ionic mme ha ho mohla e leng ka sebopeho sa metallic lithium, ke kahoo mofuta ona wa betri o bitswang lithium{3}}betri ya ion. Ho ipapisitsoe le meralo e fapaneng, libeteri tse atileng haholo tsa lithium-ion 'marakeng ke li-pouch cell, cylindrical cell, le li-button cell. Thepa e ntle ea electrode ea lithium{7}}libetri tsa ion hangata ke lithium{8}}e leng motsoako o mongata, joalo ka LiCoO2, LiFePO4, LiNiO, le LiMnzO2. Thepa e se nang matla ea electrode ea libeteri tsa lithium{12}}ion hangata e theiloe holim'a graphite. Mabapi le electrolyte, litharollo tsa letsoai la lithium tse khethehileng (tse kang LiPF6, LiASF6, le LiCIO4) tse qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a li-solvents li sebelisoa ka kakaretso. Lihlapolli tsena tsa tlhaho e ka ba ethylene carbonate (EC) kapa diethyl carbonate (DEC), joalo-joalo. Ha betri e le khatong ea ho ntša{19}}nako ea ho tsoa, li-ion tsa lithium li ea pele le morao pakeng tsa li-electrode tse positive le negative. Ts'ebetso ena e hlalosoa ka tsela ea tšoantšetso e le "betri ea setulo sa rocking," joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe setšoantšong se ka tlase.
Ho nka libeteri tsa lithium-ion tse nang le lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) joalo ka eleketrode e ntle le graphite joalo ka electrode e mpe joalo ka mohlala, polelo ea eona ea electrochemical ke: (-)CI LiPF(EC+DEC) / LiCoO2(+).
Positive electrode reaction:
Karabelo e mpe ea electrode: 5.2
Kakaretso ea maikutlo: 5.3
Ha e le hantle, lithium{0}}betri ea ion e ka bonoa e le sesebelisoa se sebetsang ho latela liphapang tsa lithium{1}}ion concentration. Nakong ea ho tjhaja, li-ion tsa lithium li tsoa linthong tse ntle tsa eleketrode, li fete ka har'a electrolyte, ebe li kengoa ka har'a lisebelisoa tse nyahamisang tsa eleketrode, e leng se etsang hore elektrode e nyarosang ea lithium-e hume ha eleketrode e ntle e batla e fokola ka lebaka la lithium{4}. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho boloka tekanyo ea tefiso ea sistimi eohle, lielektrone tse tsamaellanang li fuoa khabone-elektrode e mpe e thehiloeng ho carbon ka potoloho ea kantle. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, nakong ea ho tsoa, li-ion tsa lithium lia falla ho tloha ho eleketrode e mpe ho ea ho eleketrode e ntle, e leng se etsang hore eleketrode e ntle e be lerui la lithium{8}. Ka tloaelo, nakong ea tefiso e tloaelehileng{10}}linako tsa ho ntša metsi, li-ion tsa lithium li kengoa khafetsa le ho ntšoa lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa khabone le li-oxide. Ts'ebetso ena e bonts'a haholo-holo e le liphetoho lipakeng tsa li-interlayer mme ha e senye sebopeho sa motheo sa kristale sa lisebelisoa. Ka hona, ho ea ka pono ea phetoho, lik'hemik'hale tse fetohang ka har'a betri ea lithium{13}} li nkoa e le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng haholo e ka khutlisetsoang morao. Betri ea lithium{15}}ion e na le likarolo tse 'nè tsa motheo: li-electrode, electrolyte, separator, le casing. Li-electrode ke karolo ea mantlha ea betri ea lithium{17}}ion, e nang le lisebelisoa tse sebetsang, li-conductive agents, li-binders, le likoleke tsa hona joale. Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang (kapa lisebelisuoa tsa li-electrode) ke lisebelisuoa tsa li-electrode tse ka har'a libeteri tsa lithium{19}} tse ntšang matla a motlakase ka tšebetso ea lik'hemik'hale tsa motlakase nakong ea ho tjhaja le ho qhala. Li lekola tšebetso ea electrochemical le litšobotsi tsa mantlha tsa libeteri tsa lithium{21}}ion. Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang li kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa electrode le lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa electrode. Lisebelisoa tse ntle haholo tsa li-electrode ke metsoako ea tšepe e nang le phofshoana e nang le menyetla e batlang e phahame (e amanang le li-electrode tsa lithium metal), joalo ka LiCoO₂, LiMnO₄, LiNi₁-x-Co:MnyO₂, LiCo:Ni{26}}O₂, le LiFe.
Lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa electrode li kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa carbon, lisebelisoa tsa alloy, le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa oxide. Hajoale, lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tse ntle le tse mpe tsa li-electrode bakeng sa libeteri tsa lithium-ion tse sebelisoang haholo lisebelisoa tse nkehang habonolo ke LiCoO₂ le graphite, ka ho latellana. Ho feta moo, li-conductive agents (tse kang acetylene black) hangata li eketsoa nakong ea ho etsoa ha li-electrode ho ntlafatsa tšebetso ea lisebelisuoa tse ntle le tse mpe tsa elektrode ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa tšebeliso ea libeteri tsa lithium{3}}ion. Ho etsa bonnete ba hore lisebelisoa tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe le li-conductive agents li khomarela ka tieo ho mokelli oa hona joale, hangata ho eketsoa binder. Likopano tse tloaelehileng li hlophisoa e le oli{{6}e thehiloeng ho oli{7}le metsi. Likopano tse thehiloeng ka oli{{9}li kenyeletsa haholo polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) le polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ha tse tlamang metsi{10}e le haholo carboxymethyl cellulose/styrene-butadiene rabara (CMC/SBR). Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa mokelli oa hona joale ke ho tsamaisa li-elektronike ho tloha linthong tse sebetsang le ho aba hona joale ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ha o ntse o tšehetsa thepa e sebetsang. Babokelli ba hajoale ka kakaretso ba hlokoa ho ba le matla a holimo a mochini, botsitso bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale, le conductivity e phahameng. Mokelli oa hona joale oa electrode e ntle ke foil ea aluminium, 'me mokelli oa hona joale oa electrode e mpe ke foil ea koporo.
Karolo ea electrolyte ke ho tsamaisa li-ion tsa lithium pakeng tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe. Khetho ea electrolyte e laola haholo melao-motheo ea ts'ebetso ea betri 'me e ama matla a eona a khethehileng, ts'ebetso ea polokeho, ts'ebetso ea potoloho, lebelo la ts'ebetso,{1}}lithempereichara tse tlase, le ts'ebetso ea polokelo. Hajoale, libeteri tsa lithium{3}} tse fumanehang khoebong hangata li sebelisa -lisebelisoa tsa electrolyte tse nang le metsi, tse kenyelletsang metsoako ea tlhaho le letsoai la lithium. The organic solvent ke karolo e ka sehloohong ea electrolyte 'me e amana haufi-ufi le tshebetso ea eona; hangata ke motsoako oa metsoako ea lintho tse phelang tse kang ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, le methyl ethyl carbonate. Letsoai la lithium conductive le fana ka li-ion tsa lithium tse tsamaisoang pakeng tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe 'me li entsoe ka li-anion tsa inorganic kapa organic le lithium ion. Hajoale, letsoai le ka sehloohong le fumanehang khoebong la lithium ke LiPF6. Mehleng e ncha, ho ntlafatsa tšebetso ea electrochemical ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion le ho finyella mesebetsi e itseng e khethehileng, li-additives, tse kang li-flame retardants, hangata li kenngoa ho electrolyte.
Ka moralo oa betri ea lithium-ion, karohano e fumaneha lipakeng tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe, 'me mosebetsi oa mantlha ke ho thibela ho kopana ka kotloloho lipakeng tsa li-electrode tse peli, kahoo ho qoba li-circuits tse khutšoane. Ka nako e le 'ngoe, sebopeho se ikhethang sa microporous sa thepa ena se lumella li-ion tsa lithium hore li fete ka bolokolohi.Serohano se phetha karolo ea bohlokoa molemong oa ho boloka betri, bophelo ba potoloho, le polokeho ka kakaretso; ka hona, ho sebedisa{{3}searohanyi sa boleng bo hodimo ho ka ntlafatsa haholo tshebetso e akaretsang ya electrochemical ya betri. Hajoale, mefuta e sebelisoang haholo 'marakeng ke lifilimi tse matla- tse entsoeng ka polyolefin, ho kenyeletsoa lihlahisoa tse nang le masoba tse entsoeng ka polypropylene le polyethylene, hammoho le lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka copolymerization ea propylene le ethylene kapa ho sebelisa polyethylene homopolymer feela. Ts'ebeliso ea{7}}ea lihlapolli tse nang le metsi ka har'a libeteri tsa lithium{8}}e lebisa ho theohe ha lithium-ion conductivity, kahoo e hloka sebaka se seholo sa li-electrode. Ho feta moo, tshebediso ya{11}sebopeho sa maqeba a spiral nakong ya ho kopanya betri e bolela hore tshebetso ya betri ha e ya itshetleha feela ka dielectrode ka botsona empa hape le ditlamahanyo tse sebediswang ho etsa betri. Litlamahano tsena li tlameha ho etsa bonnete ba ho lumellana le polokeho ea lisebelisoa tse sebetsang nakong ea ho etsoa ha li-electrode, li tlamahane ka katleho lisebelisoa tse sebetsang ho mokokelli oa hona joale, ho thusa ho theha filimi e sireletsang ea SEI ({13}}clectrolyte interphase) ho graphite anode, ho boloka botsitso bo lekaneng ba mocheso nakong ea ho omisoa, le ho kolobisoa hantle ke electrolyte.
Khase ea kantle ke sets'oants'o sa betri ea lithium{0}}ion. Likhase tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa likhase tsa tšepe, likhase tsa aluminium, le aluminium-likhase tsa polasetiki tse kopantseng. Ka tloaelo, casing e hlokeha ho mamella liphetoho tsa mocheso o phahameng le o tlaase le ho bola ho tloha ho electrolyte.